Research Resources:
Electronic Reference Sources:
Encyclopedias: Arts and Humanities: Page 1
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African Studies
BlackPast.org
Includes an online encyclopedia of hundreds of famous and lesser known figures in African America, full text primary documents and major speeches of black activists and leaders from the 18th Century to the present, plus other features.
Companion Encyclopedia of Middle Eastern and North African Film [Rutgers Restricted]
Covers countries throughout the Middle East and North Africa including the former Soviet republics, Egypt, Iran, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, The Maghreb, Palestine, and Turkey. Content includes history and major issues, biographical information on leading directors and actors, filmographies, and related information.
Country Studies: Area Handbook Series
Searchable versions of the Handbooks published by the Library of Congress and sponsored by the Department of the Army. Most books in the series deal with a particular foreign country, describing and analyzing its political; economic; social; and national security systems and institutions, and examining the interrelationships of those systems and the ways they're shaped by cultural factors.
Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History [Rutgers Restricted]
"A five-volume set and supplement covering all aspects of the African-American experience from 1619 to the present day. Using biographies, historical essays, and thematic pieces, many written by foremost scholars, it addresses a wide array of subjects in over 2,300 articles to define in one source the cultural roots, participation in American life, and current condition of the African-American community." 2nd edition.
Encyclopedia of African American Society [Rutgers Restricted]
Covers such topics as abolitionism, affirmative action, the civil rights movement, economic growth, law and justice, politics, racism, and religion. Also includes articles on notable African Americans, groundbreaking events, sports and culture, and significant heritage sites.
Encyclopedia of Black Studies [Rutgers Restricted]
"Contains a full analysis of the economic, political, sociological, historical, literary, and philosophical issues related to Americans of African descent." Includes key themes such as: afrocentricity, anti-racism, arts, associations and organizations, campus politics, civil rights, classical africa, culture, departmental histories, institutions, intellectual schools, legal issues, movements, political issues, racism, religion, reparations, and resistance.
Encyclopedia of Immigration and Migration in the American West [Rutgers Restricted]
Examines the settlement of the American West including "coverage of movements of American Indians, African Americans, and the often-forgotten role of women in the West’s development." Electronic version of the 2 volume print resource.
Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society [Rutgers Restricted]
"Describes over a hundred racial and ethnic groups, with additional thematic essays discussing broad topics that cut across group boundaries and impact society at large." Electronic version of the 3 volume print resource.
Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa [Rutgers Restricted]
"Covers the modern history of the Middle East and North Africa, with major sections on Colonialism and Imperialism, the World Wars, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the United Nations' involvement in the region. Each country in the region is reviewed, detailing its population, economy, and government." Electronic version of the 4 volume 2nd edition of the print resource.
Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America [Rutgers Restricted]
"Contains 8,000 to 12,000 word essays on specific culture groups in the United States, emphasizing religions, holidays, customs, and languages in addition to providing information on historical background and settlement patterns. Also covers ethnoreligious groups such as Jews, Chaldeans, and Amish. Each essay lists organizations and research centers; name, address, and contact information for periodicals, radio, and television stations; and a further readings section." Electronic version of the 6 volume 2nd edition of the print resource.
Garland Encyclopedia of World Music Online [Rutgers Restricted]
Includes regional overviews, with surveys of musical heritage, traditions and themes, as well as descriptions of specific musical genres, practices, and performances. Electronic version of the 10 volume print resource.
History in Dispute [Rutgers Restricted]
"Addresses heavily debated questions by offering different critical perspectives on major historical events, drawn from all time periods and from all parts of the globe."
LookLex / Encyclopaedia
Formerly the Encyclopaedia of the Orient, the site provides extensive information on North Africa and the Middle East accessible via an alphabetical index or a search interface.
Myth Encyclopedia
Covers myths and legends from around the world, encompassing North and South America, Africa and Asia, and the Pacific islands, with links between related articles. Based on the Thomson Gale print publication, Myths and Legends of the World.
New Encyclopedia of Africa [Rutgers Restricted]
"Addresses the entire history of African cultures from the pharaohs and the ancient civilizations of the south through the colonial era to the emergence of 53 independent countries, some of them newly emergent in world commerce and others deep in conflict. Covers issues facing the continent such as global development, the AIDS crisis, and international terrorism." Electronic version of the 5 volume 2nd edition of the print resource.
World Factbook
From the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, the Factbook includes maps and detailed information on the geography, people, government, economy, communications, transportation, military, and transnational issues for countries worldwide.
Art & Art History
CAMEO: Conservation & Art Material Encyclopedia Online
Includes a Materials database containing chemical, physical, visual, and analytical information on historic and contemporary materials used in the production and conservation of artistic, architectural, archaeological, and anthropological materials; a Directory of conservation-related organizations; and a repository of information on Forbes' Pigments.
Oxford (Grove) Art Online [Rutgers Restricted]
Browse alphabetically or search for articles on all aspects of art, including biographies of artists. Includes The Oxford Companion to Western Art, the Encyclopedia of Aesthetics, and The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art Terms. Most entries include bibliographies and links to related articles.
Cinema, Film & Television
Companion Encyclopedia of Middle Eastern and North African Film [Rutgers Restricted]
Covers countries throughout the Middle East and North Africa including the former Soviet republics, Egypt, Iran, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, The Maghreb, Palestine, and Turkey. Content includes history and major issues, biographical information on leading directors and actors, filmographies, and related information.
Encyclopedia of Children, Adolescents, and the Media [Rutgers Restricted]
"Provides cross-disciplinary coverage from the fields of psychology, education, media studies and communication, sociology, and public policy. Includes entries covering television, film, video games, the Internet and World Wide Web, magazines, music, and more. Explores complex and difficult topics such as violence, sex, rating systems and warning labels, attention deficit disorder, body image and eating disorders, popular music lyrics, advertising, digital music downloading, parental involvement, policymaking, and child development."
Encyclopedia of New Media [Rutgers Restricted]
"Presents more than 250 entries that explain communication technology, multimedia, entertainment, and e-commerce within their social context."
Encyclopedia of Television
From the Museum of Broadcast Communications, the encyclopedia includes original essays and examines specific programs and people; historic moments and trends; major policy disputes; and such topics as violence, tabloid television and the quiz show scandal. Also includes histories of major television networks as well as broadcasting systems around the world and is complemented by resource materials, photos and bibliographical information.
Gale Encyclopedia of the Unusual and Unexplained [Rutgers Restricted]
Provides "information on topics relating to magic, witchcraft, the supernatural, and other mysterious phenomena. Covers the history, people, and practices related to each topic, as well as popular literature, television programs, and movies related to the subject." Electronic version of the 3 volume print resource.
International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers [Rutgers Restricted]
"Features thorough coverage of legendary films, actors, actresses, directors, writers, and other production artists through detailed essays and commentary by experts. Entries include biographies, filmographies, comprehensive credits, production information, major awards, and bibliographies." Electronic version of the 4 volume 4th edition of the print resource.
Musicals101.com: The Cyber Encyclopedia of Musical Theatre, TV and Film
Includes histories, bibliographies, chronologies, reviews, photo galleries, brief biographical sketches, script samples, and more, with a search option and a site map.
Toonopedia
A browsable encyclopedia of print and animated cartoons and cartoon characters, with extensive cross-referencing.
Classics
Age of Fable: or Beauties of Mythology
The complete text of Bulfinch's 1913 guide to Greek, Roman, Norse and other mythologies, also including tales of King Arthur and legends of Charlemagne.
Ancient Europe - 8000 BC to 1000 AD: An Encyclopedia of the Barbarian World [Rutgers Restricted]
"Explores the many peoples of early European civilizations responsible for such accomplishments as the rise of farming in the Neolithic era and the building of Stonehenge. Coverage expands from prehistoric origins through the early Middle Ages (8000 BC to AD 1000) when tribal movements helped define the end of ancient culture and the rise of the modern European world." An electronic version of the 2 volume print resource.
Encyclopedia Mythica
A searchable or browseable encyclopedia on world mythology, folklore, and legend.
Encyclopedia of Philosophy [Rutgers Restricted]
An electronic version of the 10 volume 2nd edition covering all aspects of philosophy.
Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern
Comprehensive chronology of more than 20,000 entries that span the millennia from prehistoric times to the year 2000.
Feminism in Literature: A Gale Critical Companion [Rutgers Restricted]
"This six-volume set explores the history of women and feminism throughout literature, from classical antiquity to modern times. Topics covered include misogyny and women's social roles in ancient civilizations, 16th-century women's devotional literature, 17th- and 18th-century women's captivity narratives, the women's suffrage movement in 19th-century America, women writers of the "Lost Generation," lesbian literature, and much more."
History in Dispute [Rutgers Restricted]
"Addresses heavily debated questions by offering different critical perspectives on major historical events, drawn from all time periods and from all parts of the globe."
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
A browseable collection of articles from a scholars and other sources.
Myth Encyclopedia
Covers myths and legends from around the world, encompassing North and South America, Africa and Asia, and the Pacific islands, with links between related articles. Based on the Thomson Gale print publication, Myths and Legends of the World.
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Billed as "the first dynamic encyclopedia," this refereed resource includes a table of contents and is searchable by keyword or phrase. New entries and updates to existing entries are added on a continuing basis by a select group of experts in the field.
East Asian Studies
Country Studies: Area Handbook Series
Searchable versions of the Handbooks published by the Library of Congress and sponsored by the Department of the Army. Most books in the series deal with a particular foreign country, describing and analyzing its political; economic; social; and national security systems and institutions, and examining the interrelationships of those systems and the ways they're shaped by cultural factors.
Encyclopedia of Modern Asia [Rutgers Restricted]
"Historical articles emphasize people, places, events, and developments that have had a lasting influence on Asia. Articles also cover Asian relations with Western nations, the relations between nations within Asia, and also the flow of people, goods, and ideas within Asia and globally." Electronic version of the 6 volume print resource.
Garland Encyclopedia of World Music Online [Rutgers Restricted]
Includes regional overviews, with surveys of musical heritage, traditions and themes, as well as descriptions of specific musical genres, practices, and performances. Electronic version of the 10 volume print resource.
Myth Encyclopedia
Covers myths and legends from around the world, encompassing North and South America, Africa and Asia, and the Pacific islands, with links between related articles. Based on the Thomson Gale print publication, Myths and Legends of the World.
World Factbook
From the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, the Factbook includes maps and detailed information on the geography, people, government, economy, communications, transportation, military, and transnational issues for countries worldwide.
English Language and Literature
American Women Writers: A Critical Reference Guide from Colonial Times to the Present [Rutgers Restricted]
An electronic version of the 4 volume resource containing "biographical and critical essays on 1,328 American women writers covering all genres and all periods of American history."
Cambridge History of English and American Literature: an Encyclopedia in Eighteen Volumes
Literary history and criticism with essay topics ranging from poetry, fiction, drama, and essays to history, theology, and political writing. Encompasses a wide selection of writing on orators, humorists, poets, newspaper columnists, religious leaders, economists, Native Americans, song writers, and even non-English writing, such as Yiddish and Creole.
Encyclopedia of American Poetry: the Nineteenth Century [Rutgers Restricted]
Part of the Literature Online database, the Encyclopedia provides biographical and critical information on almost 150 American poets, as well as topical essays on "Nineteenth-Century Versions of American Indian Poetry," "Popular Poetry," "Songs and Ballads," and "Spirituals."
Encyclopedia of Literature [Rutgers Restricted]
Part of Gale's Literature Resource Center, this site offers a searchable encyclopedia of authors; works; literary landmarks; literary and critical terms; mythological and folkloric figures; fictional characters; literary movements; prizes; etc.
Reference Guide to Short Fiction [Rutgers Restricted]
"Contains biographical and critical essays on 376 of the most important writers of short fiction writing in English worldwide, and 403 separate essays on selected works. Also includes some authors of note who did not write in English, but whose works have been widely translated and are often studied, such as Anton Chekhov and Jean-Paul Sartre. Most authors covered were born after 1750, but a few important figures from earlier periods are included as well." Electronic version of the 2nd edition of the print resource.
Routledge Encyclopedia of Post-Colonial Literatures in English [Rutgers Restricted]
Part of the Literature Online database, the Encyclopedia covers genres, major subjects, and critical biographies of writers, as well as entries on each country or region whose literatures are discussed.
French Language and Literature
Encyclopedia of Literature [Rutgers Restricted]
Part of Gale's Literature Resource Center, this site offers a searchable encyclopedia of authors; works; literary landmarks; literary and critical terms; mythological and folkloric figures; fictional characters; literary movements; prizes; etc.
Encyclopédie, ou Dictionnaire Raisonné des Sciences, des Arts et des Métiers [Rutgers Restricted]
Part of the American Research on the Treasury of the French Language (ARTFL) Project, this site includes online versions of Trésor de la Langue Française, and the Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française, as well as Diderot and d'Alembert's Encyclopédie.
General Arts and Humanities
Gale Virtual Reference Library [Rutgers Restricted]
An extensive collection of encyclopedias, handbooks, and other reference sources covering a broad range of humanities, social science, science, and multidisciplinary areas.
Sage eReference Encyclopedias [Rutgers Restricted]
A large collection of authoritative encyclopedias in a broad range of fields including multidisciplinary areas such as anthropology, environment, health, and psychology.
German Language and Literature
Encyclopedia of Literature [Rutgers Restricted]
Part of Gale's Literature Resource Center, this site offers a searchable encyclopedia of authors; works; literary landmarks; literary and critical terms; mythological and folkloric figures; fictional characters; literary movements; prizes; etc.
Zedlers Grosses Universallexikon Online
A freely available German language encyclopedia that appeared in 68 volumes between 1732 and 1754. One of the largest encyclopedias ever published, it includes a half million entries for names, and a quarter million bibliographic references within the articles.